Icons in 5.x are done with web fonts, you'll have to override the class in your styles/theme https://github.com/plone/plonetheme.barceloneta/blob/2.x/plonetheme/barceloneta/theme/less/contents.plone.less#L27
Plone 6 will make use of icon_expr again with svgs.
Looking at collective.easyform you can define some CSS in your addon to place the desired icon for your contenttype:
Glyphicons are included per default, but if you want other Icons you have to ship your icon font. But speaking in CSS you could even place your SVG image as content type icon ...