The best practice here is to use docker volumes:
docker run --name=plone -v plone-data:/data plone/plone
Then you can copy your Data.fs by using docker cp like:
docker cp Data.fs my-plone:/data/fliestorage/
Otherwise, try to mount specific data directories within container (/data/filestorage and/or data/blobstorage) like:
docker run -v /opt/docker/wordpress/plone-data/filestorage:/data/filestorage -v /opt/docker/wordpress/plone-data/blobstorage:/data/blobstorage plone/plone