Hello Torsten,
I assume you also ran the migration for all content types from Archetypes to dexterity, because otherwise your existing items are no longer editable.
I do have experience with Dexterity default contenttypes on Plone 4.3, but you should realise this setup in 2021 is a) EOL when Plone 6 is released, because support for Plone 4 will then stop. and b) Dexterity and plone.app.contenttypes and the in place migration from Archetypes to Dexterity has seen a lot of updates and fixes for Plone 5.x.
So Dexterity and plone.app.contentypes 'works' for Plone 4, but you should treat it as a pre release or '1.0' of what's currently available and working in Plone 5.2.
It is still a bitt strange that on a standard Plone 4.3.19 site the combination with plone.app.contenttypes 1.1.6 doesn't work anymore. But plone.app.contenttypes has always been an 'add'on' for Plone 4 and is not part of the default tests that are run with CI . It is pinned in the distribution, but as part of 'ecosystem' in the versions.cfg: https://dist.plone.org/release/4.3.20/versions.cfg
The one thing that stands out for me in your backtrace is the issue with @@listing_macro. I'd investigate that first.